Multilateralism with Multiple Layers and Strengthening the Base of National Capacity

By Hideaki Shiroyama

Abstract

The field of management of risks caused by globalization has been the fields where multilateral frameworks have been extensively used. But multilateralism also has its critics, while there are also challenges based on unilateralism. This paper clarifies what types of criticism and challenges are active concerning multilateralism so far on the issues of global health and climate change policies. The facts shown indicate a certain level of resilience of multilateralism in these particular fields. At the same time, measures for Strengthening multilateralism with multiple layers and the capacity of each country are necessary in order to further strengthen multilateralism.